Uniqueness of Makkah:
- Allah has designated Makkah as a special and sacred place (Haram) unlike any other on earth.
- Its sanctity dates back to the creation of the universe and continues until the Day of Judgement.
- The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) emphasized the enduring sacredness of Makkah.
Meaning of Haram:
- “Haram” signifies a place where certain actions, otherwise permissible, are forbidden out of respect and reverence for Allah.
Why Makkah is Haram:
- Allah chose Makkah as a place of peace and sanctity.
- He singled it out for special merits and virtues.
- It is a place where good deeds are multiplied and sins carry greater weight.
Importance of Makkah:
- Makkah is the location of the Kaaba, the first House of Worship built for humanity.
- It serves as the Qiblah, the direction Muslims face for their daily prayers.
- It is the holiest city in Islam and the destination for Hajj, a pilgrimage undertaken by Muslims.
- Visiting Makkah (Umrah) is a cherished act of worship for Muslims.
Lessons for Muslims:
- Being in Makkah is a special privilege and a cause for gratitude to Allah.
- Makkah serves as a unifying symbol for Muslims worldwide.
Overall, Makkah holds immense significance in Islam. It is a place of immense sanctity, a center of worship, and a symbol of unity for the Muslim community.
Makkah’s Exalted Status:
- Beloved City: Makkah is considered the most beloved place to Allah and Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
- First House of Worship: It holds the Kaaba, the first structure built on earth for the sole purpose of worshipping Allah.
- Eternal Sanctity: Makkah’s sanctity dates back to the creation of the universe and remains so until the Day of Judgement. The Prophet (PBUH) emphasized this enduring holiness.
Makkah as the Qiblah:
- Unifying Direction: Muslims worldwide turn towards Makkah, the Qiblah, five times a day for prayer. This practice strengthens the sense of unity and brotherhood among Muslims.
Gratitude for a Blessed Place:
- Source of Guidance and Grace: Makkah serves as a source of guidance, blessing, and grace for Muslims, shaping their lives and devotions.
- Appreciation for Allah’s Favor: The passage emphasizes the importance of thanking Allah for granting such a special place for worship.
Overall, Makkah holds a central position in Islam. It’s a place of immense sanctity, a symbol of unity, and the Qiblah that guides Muslims in their daily prayers.
The Mataf
- The central courtyard of the Grand Mosque, also known as the Mataf, is a vast space paved with white marble.
- Here, pilgrims perform the Tawaf, a sacred ritual where they circumambulate the Kaaba, the holiest site in Islam.
The Abbasid Corridor
- The Abbasid Corridor serves as a historical testament to the ongoing development of the Grand Mosque.
- Dating back to the reign of the Abbasid Caliphate, it exemplifies the continuous efforts to improve the space for pilgrims.
The Saudi Expansions
- Recognizing the increasing number of pilgrims, Saudi leaders have prioritized the expansion of the Grand Mosque.
- Starting in 1375 AH, significant expansions have taken place under various Saudi kings, ensuring ample space for prayer and rituals.
Providing Space for Prayer
- The second Saudi expansion saw the creation of vast outer courtyards surrounding the Grand Mosque.
- These additional areas, paved with heat-resistant marble, provide much-needed space for prayer, especially during peak pilgrimage seasons.
Utilizing Space Wisely
- The second Saudi expansion ingeniously utilized the roof of the Grand Mosque, covering it with heat-resistant marble.
- Further expansion introduced escalators during the third expansion, facilitating the movement of worshippers to the roof and first floor during crowded pilgrimage seasons.
A System for Easy Access
- Numerous well-marked gates provide easy access to the courtyard of the Grand Mosque.
- Each gate is clearly numbered, with illuminated signs above to guide pilgrims towards entry or exit points.
Key Entry Points
Five main gates serve as prominent entry points for pilgrims:
- King Abdulaziz Gate: Located in the Western Square (Gate No. 1)
- Bab Safa Gate: Situated towards the Sa’i walkway (Gate No. 11)
- Bab al-Fatah Gate: Found in the North Square (Gate No. 45)
- Bab Umrah Gate (The Umrah Gate): Located in the North Square (Gate No. 62)
- King Fahd Gate: Situated in the Western Square (Gate No. 79)
Facilitating Entry and Prayer
- The expansive courtyards surrounding the Grand Mosque serve a critical purpose: ensuring a smooth flow of pilgrims and worshippers entering the holy site.
- During peak seasons like Hajj and Umrah, these courtyards transform into additional prayer areas, accommodating the vast number of faithful.
Enhancing the Pilgrim Experience
- The dedicated Haram courtyard management team prioritizes the safety and convenience of worshippers. They ensure smooth entry through designated passages that connect the courtyards to the Grand Mosque gates.
- Additionally, they provide valuable assistance to those who may need it, such as lost individuals, the elderly, and those with disabilities.
Comfort and Cleanliness
To ensure a comfortable experience for all, the courtyards offer essential services:
- Secure lockers for safekeeping of belongings
- Refreshing Zamzam water fountains
- Cooling mist fans to combat the heat
- Conveniently located toilets and designated ablution areas
- Regular cleaning to maintain a pristine environment
Safeguarding Your Belongings
- To ensure the safety of your belongings, the courtyards provide secure lockers. It’s advisable to utilize these lockers to avoid leaving valuables unattended.
Respectful Conduct
To preserve the sanctity of the Grand Mosque, certain guidelines are in place for visitors:
- Weapons and sharp objects are strictly prohibited.
- Bicycles and motorbikes are not allowed within the courtyards.
- Smoking is not permitted within the courtyards or anywhere within the Grand Mosque.
The Noble Kaaba
- The white marble-tiled circumambulation courtyard is centered around the awe-inspiring Kaaba, the holiest site in Islam.
- Muslims worldwide turn towards the Kaaba (Qiblah) for their daily prayers, and during Hajj, they perform the sacred ritual of Tawaf by circumambulating this holy structure.
Maqam Ibrahim
- Within the courtyard lies a revered relic, Maqam Ibrahim (the Station of Abraham). This sacred rock marks the spot where Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him) stood while constructing the Kaaba with his son, Ishmael.
- The Quran itself mentions this significant location, stating: “{In the House are clear signs (such as) the مقام (Maqam) of Ibrahim (Abraham)}” (Quran 2:158).
Built by Abraham and Ishmael
- The Kaaba, a cubical structure draped in a black cloth, is the holiest site in Islam. Revered as the Sacred House of Allah, it holds immense prestige and boasts a glorious history.
- According to Islamic tradition, Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him) and his son, Ishmael, were entrusted by Allah to build the Kaaba as the first House of Worship dedicated solely to His worship.
The Qiblah
- The Quran itself designates the Kaaba as the Qiblah, the focal point towards which Muslims worldwide direct their prayers five times a day.
- This act transcends physical direction, becoming a powerful symbol of unity and devotion that binds Muslims across the globe.
Key Features of the Kaaba
During circumambulation (Tawaf), pilgrims encounter several significant features of the Kaaba:
- Al-Hatim (Hijr Ismail):An open, semi-circular area adjacent to the Kaaba. Originally part of the Kaaba itself, prayer within this enclosure is considered equivalent to prayer inside the Kaaba.
- Door of the Kaaba:Located on the eastern side and crafted from pure gold, the door stands 222 centimeters above the ground.
- Al-Multazam:The eastern wall, or a portion of it, situated between the Black Stone and the Kaaba door. Pilgrims often perform “Iltizam,” pressing their chest, face, arms, and hands against this wall while supplicating to Allah.
- The Roof Gutter:Installed on the surface of the Kaaba, it channels rainwater towards Hijr Ismail.
- Shazrawan:A supportive structure resembling a white marble dress that encases the Kaaba. Built to strengthen the structure and protect it from harsh weather, it is not considered part of the Kaaba itself.
- The Black Stone:A revered relic believed to have originated from Paradise. It marks the starting and concluding points of Tawaf.
- The Yemeni Corner:One of the four corners of the Kaaba, named for facing Yemen. This corner, along with the Black Stone, is referred to as “the two Yemeni corners.”
Multiple Floors for Increased Capacity
The circumambulation building surrounding the Kaaba offers several designated areas to accommodate the large numbers of pilgrims performing Tawaf (circumambulation). These areas include:
- The spacious circumambulation courtyard on the ground floor
- A dedicated first floor for additional circumambulation space
- A special mezzanine floor on the first level specifically designed for wheelchair users.
Designated Access Points
- To ensure a smooth and organized flow, access to these circumambulation floors is managed by security personnel. Hajj and Umrah pilgrims are kindly requested to cooperate with them and follow their instructions for a safe and efficient Tawaf experience.
- Special designated paths may be used to access different floors, promoting a more streamlined movement of pilgrims.
The Story of Hagar
- Central to the rituals of Umrah and Hajj is Sa’i, a walk between the hills of Safa and Marwa. This act commemorates the desperate search for water undertaken by Hagar, the wife of Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him), and her son, Ismail.
Walking Between Safa and Marwa
- As pilgrims retrace Hagar’s steps, they embody her unwavering faith and resilience. Safa marks the starting point of this walk, and Marwa signifies the end.
Key Statistics
- The Sa’i path stretches approximately 394 meters, and completing the seven required rounds translates to a total walking distance of roughly 2,761 meters.
- The average time to complete Sa’i can vary between 45 and 55 minutes, depending on individual walking speed and overall crowd volume.
Masa’a Floors
To accommodate the large number of pilgrims, the Sa’i path encompasses several floors, offering a total spacious area of 87,000 square meters. These accessible floors include:
- Basement
- Ground Floor
- Mezzanine Floor for electric wheelchairs
- First Floor
- Second Floor
- Masa’a Roof
Location and Significance
- The revered Zamzam Well stands approximately 21 meters east of the holy Kaaba.
- This well holds immense importance for Muslims, as it is believed to be a miraculous water source providentially revealed by Allah to Hagar and her son, Ismail, during their time of desperate need.
Historical Care and Preservation
Throughout history, caliphs and kings have recognized the profound significance of the Zamzam Well, dedicating significant efforts to its preservation. This tradition of care continued into the modern era, with King Abdulaziz initiating crucial projects during his reign. In 1345 AH, he ordered the construction of a dedicated Zamzam drinking fountain for pilgrims, followed by a second fountain and vital maintenance work on the well itself a year later. This commitment to safeguarding the well has continued under successive Saudi rulers. In 1439 AH, King Salman approved the completion of further projects to enhance the Zamzam Well and established five dedicated channels to ensure efficient Zamzam water services.
The Zamzam Water Distribution Center
The Zamzam Water Distribution Center plays a critical role in overseeing the well’s operations and ensuring that pilgrims receive Zamzam water of the highest quality standards.
From Well to Mosque
The Zamzam Lab plays a vital role in safeguarding the purity of Zamzam water. This dedicated facility meticulously supervises the sterilization stages of the water and oversees the process of filling tanks that transport the blessed water to the Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah.